The performance of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is primarily determined by a comprehensive set of multi-dimensional metrics-including electrical, mechanical, and material reliability characteristics, as well as physical appearance-which directly influence the stability and lifespan of electronic devices.
Dielectric Constant (Dk) and Dissipation Factor (Df): These parameters affect signal transmission speed and energy loss. High-frequency, high-speed PCBs utilize materials such as PTFE and LCP, achieving Dk values as low as 2.2–3.5 and Df values below 0.004-performance far superior to that of standard FR-4 (Dk ≈ 4.5, Df ≈ 0.02).
Impedance Control Precision: RF PCBs require precise control over the characteristic impedance of transmission lines (typically 50Ω or 75Ω), with the allowable tolerance kept within ±10%.
Crosstalk：Electromagnetic interference between adjacent signal lines; during high-density routing, this must be suppressed through appropriate spacing or shielding layers.
